Old Testament

New Testament

Ezekiel 40
Ezekiel 39 Ezekiel 41
A Vision of the New Temple[]
401In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year,[] on the tenth of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city was struck down, on that very day, the hand of the Lord came upon me, and he brought me there. 2In visions of God, he brought me to the land of Israel and set me down on a very high mountain. On the south side there was a structure that resembled a city. 3When he brought me there, I saw a man who looked as if he were made of bronze. In his hand he had a linen cord and a measuring rod. He was standing by the gatehouse.
4The man said to me, “Son of man, watch carefully, listen carefully, and pay attention to[] everything that I am about to show you, because you were brought here so that I could show it to you. Report everything you see to the house of Israel.”
The Wall and Outer Gates
The Wall
5I saw a wall[] all the way around the temple compound. In the man's hand was the measuring rod, six cubits long (using the long cubit). When he measured the thickness of the structure, it was one rod thick, and its height was one rod.
The East Gatehouse
6Then he approached the gatehouse[] that was on the east side of the temple compound and went up its steps. He measured the threshold of the gate. It was one rod deep.[] 7Each guardroom[] was one rod wide and one rod deep. Between the guardrooms, the walls were five cubits thick,[] and the threshold of the gate of the vestibule[] on the inner side of the gatehouse was one rod deep. 8˻He measured the vestibule on the inner side of the gatehouse. It was one rod.˼[]
9He measured the vestibule of the gatehouse, which was eight cubits,[] and its gateposts were two cubits. The vestibule of the gatehouse was located at the inner end of the gateway. 10Inside the east gatehouse, there were three guardrooms on either side of the entry. All three were the same size, and the gateposts on either side were also the same size. 11Then he measured the width of the entry into the gateway. It was ten cubits, and the length of the gateway was thirteen cubits.[] 12There was a barrier in front of the guardrooms, one cubit wide, on both sides of the passage. Each guardroom was six cubits square.[]
13Next he measured the passageway through the gatehouse, from the outside edge of the ceiling of one guardroom to the outside edge of the ceiling opposite it. The total width was twenty-five cubits.[] The doorways to the guardrooms were facing each other on each side of the passageway. 14He determined that the measurement of the gateposts was sixty cubits,[] and the courtyard all around the gateway reached to the gateposts.[] 15From the front of the outer entrance of the gateway to the outside edge of the vestibule on the inner side of the gateway was fifty cubits.[] 16The guardrooms and their doorposts had openings on all sides. The openings were slits that were narrower toward the inside of the gate, and likewise, the vestibule had openings that narrowed toward the inside all the way around.[] The doorposts had decorations like palm trees.
The Outer Courtyard
17Then he brought me into the outer courtyard. There were rooms and a pavement constructed all the way around the courtyard. Thirty rooms faced the pavement. 18The pavement ran along the sides of the gates. The pavement was as wide as the length of the gatehouse. This was the lower pavement. 19He measured the width of the pavement from the inside edge of the outer gatehouse to the outside edge of the inner courtyard. It measured one hundred cubits[] on the east and on the north sides of the temple.
The North Gatehouse
20There was a gateway leading into the outer courtyard on the north side. The man measured its length and its width. 21Its guardrooms, three on each side, its gateposts, and its vestibule had the same measurements as the first gatehouse, fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide. 22The entry, the vestibule, and its palm decorations also had the same measurements as those of the gatehouse facing east. From outside the temple compound one could enter the gate by seven steps, and the vestibule of the gateway was straight ahead at the inner end of the gateway.
23A gateway into the inner courtyard was opposite the outer gatehouse (the same as on the east side), and he measured from the outer gate to the inner one opposite it. The distance was one hundred cubits.[]
The South Gatehouse
24Next, he led me toward the south, and there also was a gatehouse on the south side of the temple compound. He measured its gateposts and its vestibule, and the measurements were like the others. 25It and its vestibule had openings all around like the openings of the others. Its length was fifty cubits and its width was twenty-five cubits. 26It had seven steps going up to it, and its vestibule was straight ahead of them at the opposite end of the gateway, and it had palm decorations on either side on its gateposts. 27The inner courtyard also had a gateway facing south. He measured from one gate to the other toward the south. It was one hundred cubits.
The Gates to the Inner Courtyard
28Then he brought me into the inner courtyard through its south gate. He measured this gatehouse on the south side of the inner courtyard. Its measurements were like those of the previous gatehouses. 29Its guardrooms, gateposts, and vestibule had the same measurements as the others. Both the gatehouse and the vestibule had openings all around. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
30There were vestibules on each side of the inner courtyard. They were twenty-five cubits long and five cubits wide.[] 31The vestibule of the inner gatehouse faced the outer courtyard. There were palm decorations on its gateposts, and its stairway had eight steps.
32Next he brought me into the inner courtyard through the gate facing east. He measured the gatehouse, and its dimensions were the same as the others. 33Its guardrooms, gateposts, and vestibule were the same size as the others. It and its vestibule had openings all around. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide. 34Its vestibule faced the outer court, and there were palm decorations on its gateposts on either side. Its stairway had eight steps.
35Then he brought me to the north gatehouse and measured it. It had the same measurements as the others. 36This was also true of its guardrooms, its gateposts, and its vestibule. It had openings all around. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide. 37Its vestibule faced the outer courtyard, and there were palm decorations on its gateposts on either side. Its stairway had eight steps.
Rooms of the Inner Courtyard
38There was a room with a door, next to the gateposts at each of the inner gateways, where they washed the burnt offering.
39Inside the vestibule of the gateway, on each side, there were two tables upon which to slaughter the whole burnt offering,[] the sin offering, and the restitution offering. 40Next to the outside wall of the vestibule, as one goes toward the entrance of the north gateway, there were two more tables. Next to the other outside wall of the vestibule of the gateway were two more tables. 41That is, there were four tables on one side and four on the other side of the gateway—eight tables on which they were to slaughter the sacrifices.
42Four more tables for the burnt offering were made of hewn stone. They were one and a half cubits long, one and a half cubits wide, and one cubit high. On them they placed the instruments with which they slaughtered the burnt offering and the other sacrifices. 43Double-pronged hooks, each a handbreadth[] long, were fastened to the building all around, and the meat for the sacrifice was placed on the tables.
44Just outside of the inner gateway, in the inner courtyard, were two rooms, one beside the north gate, which faced south, and the other beside the south gate,[] which faced north. 45He said to me, “This room that faces south is for the priests who guard the temple, 46and the room that faces north is for the priests who guard the altar. They are descendants of Zadok, the only descendants of Levi who may approach the Lord to minister to him.”
The Inner Courtyard
47Then he measured the courtyard. It was one hundred cubits long and one hundred cubits wide[]—a square. The altar was in front of the temple.
The Temple Building
The Vestibule
48Next he brought me to the vestibule of the temple building.[] He measured each doorpost of the vestibule: five cubits[] on either side. The width of the gate was ˻fourteen cubits.[] The sides of the gate were˼[] three cubits[] on either side. 49The length of the vestibule was twenty cubits, and its width was eleven cubits.[] One entered it by ten[] steps, and there were pillars by the doorposts, one on either side.

Footnotes

  • 40:1 The translation of many of the architectural features of the temple is very difficult. The footnotes will not attempt to list all the many options that have been suggested for some of the difficult words and phrases. There are also numerous textual variants in this section of Ezekiel. Not all of them will be reported in the footnotes. This temple plan was never implemented, even though the temple in Jerusalem was rebuilt within the same century in which Ezekiel received this plan. This description was not written to provide an architectural blueprint. Instead, it was designed for its symbolic meaning and emotional impact. The descriptions in Ezekiel 38–48 are parallel to the visions in Revelation 19–22.
  • 40:1 Spring 573 BC
  • 40:4 Literally look with your eyes, hear with your ears, and set your heart on
  • 40:5 A long cubit is about 21 inches long instead of the standard 18 inches. A long cubit consists of the regular cubit (18 inches=the distance from elbow to fingertip) plus a handbreadth (3 inches). The measuring rod is therefore about 10½ feet long. Because some of the numbers in the descriptions of the land and the temple seem to have symbolic value, the translation (contrary to our usual practice in the EHV) will retain the measurements in cubits. Footnotes converting some of the measurements to meters will help readers visualize the size of the temple and its objects. All conversions are rounded off.
  • 40:6 The “gates” (Hebrew sha'ar) in the temple compound are not simply doored entryways. They are complex structures. The EHV generally uses gatehouse as the name for the structure and gateway for the passageway through the gatehouse, but it is not always possible to identify such distinctions with certainty.
  • 40:6 The Hebrew reads measured the threshold of the gate, one rod deep, ⸤and one threshold, one rod deep.⸥ The words marked here by half-brackets are not included in the Greek text, and they do not appear in the translation above.
  • 40:7 Or alcove
  • 40:7 Almost 9 feet
  • 40:7 Or porch or portico or antechamber. The presence of slits in the walls of the “porches” indicates that they were enclosed rooms.
  • 40:8 Some manuscripts and versions omit the words marked by half-brackets in verse 8. These words seem to disagree with the measurement of the vestibule given in verse 9. There may have been some accidental duplication in the Hebrew text, but the two statements may be giving measurements of different parts of the vestibule and gatehouse. If the words in half-brackets, which are not included in the Greek text, are omitted, the text still reads smoothly.
  • 40:9 About 14 feet
  • 40:11 The passageway through the gatehouse was thus about 18 feet wide and 23 feet long.
  • 40:12 About 10 feet by10 feet
  • 40:13 About 44 feet. The Hebrew of this verse is difficult. It appears that this measurement is the total width of the gatehouse, including the passageway and the guardrooms on each side of it.
  • 40:14 More than 100 feet
  • 40:14 The meaning of this verse is uncertain, and translations vary widely. Some believe the measurement is the height of the gatehouse, but the measurement seems too large for that. Some translations therefore change the number from sixty to twenty cubits. Others believe the measurement is the perimeter of the gatehouse, but the measurement seems too small for that. In light of the uncertainty, the EHV retains a fairly literal translation, which does not alter the text.
  • 40:15 About 90 feet
  • 40:16 These were slots through which the defenders could shoot. They also let light into the gatehouse.
  • 40:19 About 175 feet
  • 40:23 About 175 feet
  • 40:30 About 44 feet by 9 feet
  • 40:39 This sentence is difficult and interpretations vary.
  • 40:43 A handbreadth is about 3 inches. The meaning of the noun translated hooks is uncertain.
  • 40:44 The Hebrew reads east gate, but the context requires south gate, which is the reading supported by the Greek text.
  • 40:47 About 175 feet by 175 feet
  • 40:48 The Hebrew text consistently calls the temple ha-bayit, the House. To avoid confusion, in this account the EHV regularly translates this term temple, rather than house, and it distinguishes the temple building from the temple complex or temple compound when necessary.
  • 40:48 About 9 feet
  • 40:48 About 25 feet
  • 40:48 The words in half-brackets are present in the Greek text but not in the Hebrew text. An omission from the Hebrew text may have occurred as the Hebrew scribe's eye skipped from one occurrence of gate to another.
  • 40:48 About 5 feet
  • 40:49 About 35 feet by 20 feet
  • 40:49 The number ten is present in the Greek text. The Hebrew text has no number.
Ezekiel 39 Ezekiel 41