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New Testament
Numbers 35:6-34
6The cities which you will give to the Levites will include six cities of refuge, which you will provide so that a person who has killed someone may flee there. In addition to these six cities, you will give them forty-two other cities. 7All the cities which you are to give to the Levites will total forty-eight cities along with their pasturelands. 8For the cities which you will transfer to the Levites from the property of the Israelites, you will take more cities from a larger tribe and fewer from a smaller tribe. Every tribe will give some of its cities to the Levites in proportion to the amount of assigned territory it has received.
Cities of Refuge
9The Lord told Moses 10to speak to the Israelites and tell them this:
When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11you are to designate some cities to be cities of refuge for yourselves, so that a person who has killed someone by taking someone's life unintentionally may flee there. 12The cities will serve as a refuge for you from the avenger,[] so that a person who has killed someone will not die until he stands trial before the community. 13The cities which you will set aside will serve as the six cities of refuge for you. 14You are to set aside three cities east of the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan. They will serve as cities of refuge. 15These six cities will serve as a refuge for Israelites, for resident aliens, and for temporary residents living among them so that everyone who has taken someone's life unintentionally may flee there.
16But if a person strikes someone with an iron object so that he dies, that person is a murderer. The murderer must certainly be put to death. 17If a person strikes someone with a stone in his hand that could kill someone, and the victim dies, that person is a murderer. The murderer must certainly be put to death. 18Or if a person strikes someone with a wooden object in his hand that could kill someone, and the victim dies, that person is a murderer. The murderer must certainly be put to death. 19The avenger of blood himself will put the murderer to death. When he apprehends him, he is to put him to death. 20If a person pushes someone out of hatred or throws something at him with malicious intent so that he dies, 21or in hostility strikes him with his hand so that he dies, that person who struck him must certainly be put to death. He is a murderer. The avenger of blood is to put the murderer to death when he apprehends him.
22But if a person pushes someone suddenly without hostility or throws any object at him without malicious intent, 23or if without looking he drops a stone on someone big enough to kill him and that person dies, since that person was not his enemy, and he did not seek to harm him, 24the community will judge between the killer and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances. 25The community will deliver the person who has killed someone from the hand of the avenger of blood. Then the community will take him back to his city of refuge, to which he had fled. He must live there until the death of the high priest, who was anointed with the holy oil.
26But if the person who has killed someone ever goes outside of the border of the city of refuge to which he has fled, 27and the avenger of blood finds him outside of the border of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the person who has killed someone, the avenger will not be guilty of bloodshed, 28because the person who has killed someone should have stayed in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest he may return to the land that is his possession.
29These things will be a legal statute for you throughout your generations wherever you live.
30Everyone who has taken someone's life is to be put to death as a murderer on the testimony of witnesses, but no one is to die on the testimony of only one witness.
31You are not to accept a ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death, because he must certainly be put to death.
32You are not to accept a ransom for the one who has fled to a city of refuge in order to allow him to return to live in his land before the death of the priest.
33So you are not to pollute the land where you are, because bloodshed pollutes the land. No atonement can be made for the land where blood has been shed except by the blood of the one who shed it. 34You are not to defile the land in which you are living, where I am dwelling in its midst, for I, the Lord, am dwelling in the midst of the people of Israel.
Footnotes
- 35:12 Hebrew goel, which in other contexts is translated kinsman redeemer. Sometimes the avenger is called the avenger of blood. See verse 19 and following. When the goel is punishing murder, he is called an avenger. When he is recovering property, he is called a redeemer.